Coastal bridges constitute critical components for the transportation in offshore areas, and thus their serviceability and safety against hazard such as earthquakes need to be ensured in a life-cycle perspective. However, coastal bridges are confronted with significant corrosion that results in degradation effects mainly on concrete piers. This can make the resistance property of bridge diverse from the initially designed state. Hence, it is vital to predict the residual performance of coastal bridges throughout its life-cycle period. Prior studies described the corrosion evolvement using mostly deterministic methods, whereas the uncertainty was neglected in terms of both the corrosion environment and concrete performance. In this study, the corrosion developed of bridge pier was investigated probabilistically. A convolutional formula was proposed to account for the correlation between the initial corrosion time and the remained time to the expected lifetime. The proposed approach was validated using a prototype bridge in China, where the corrosion environment was captured by historical chloride data, the uncertainty in other parameters was reflected using random variables. The results showed that the proposed method can well apply to predicting the corrosion state in the bridge life-cycle period, where the initial corrosion time approaches closely to skewed distribution. The selected bridge exhibited notable corrosion likelihood at the end of lifetime. It was found that the probability of corrosion absence is approximately 30% while the maximum loss mass ratio reaches around 45% for the lifespan of 100 yrs. The proposed method can be further used to determine the degraded performance for bridge analysis under other impacts such as earthquakes and waves.

Excavation of tunnels with a small overburden inevitably implies surface settlements, especially when they are carried out in soft soil or weak rock masses. Subsidence becomes a critical aspect when the construction of tunnels is realized in narrower urban areas, directly below occupied residential buildings. Taking as an example the Kobilja Glava tunnel, which will represent part of the main project connecting Vogošća with Sarajevo and at the same time the connection of the narrowest city center of Sarajevo with the A1 motorway on the Vc corridor, surface deformations were monitored during the excavation and installation of the primary support of the left tunnel tube. Special attention was dedicated to excavation from the entrance side on a certain section of the tunnel where the height of the overburden was less than 2D. During the excavation of the left tunnel tube of the Kobilja Glava tunnel, which was carried out from the entrance portal at chainage km 3+543,202 in the direction of Vogošće, multiple surface settlements were measured from the very entrance to the place where the excavation was stopped (chainage km 3+615,56) compared to the predicted values obtained by assessment. The main reason for stopping the further progress of the excavation of the left tunnel tube from the chainage km 3+615.56 lies in the fact that the direction of the geological layers coincided with the direction of the progress of the excavation, which had a significant negative impact on the movement of the soil itself, and therefore on the increase surface deformations. After a comprehensive analysis of the above, as well as consideration of optional possibilities, it was decided to approach the excavation of the left tunnel tube from another attack point, i.e. to start the excavation from cross passage No. 1 in the direction towards the entrance. In this way, it was possible that the direction of the geological layers under these cirrcustamces positively contributes to the reduction of surface subsidence caused by the progress of the tunnel excavation by over 50%.

This research explores the evolution of public open spaces (POS) in large housing estates (LHE) within the post-socialist context, using the Czech Republic as example. The study investigates the challenges and opportunities associated with the redevelopment of POS, considering the impacts of privatization, socio-economic transformations, and urban renewal policies. It also explores the continuity of urban morphology from the socialist era in the post-socialist period, pointing out the complex connections between inherited urban forms and contemporary needs for urban renewal. The methodological approach is based on an exemplar of best practice analysis, with a specific focus on the Na Dolika LHE, which serves as an illustrative example of POS revitalization efforts. The findings highlight key factors that influence successful redevelopment, including community engagement, sustainable design, and policy frameworks. Additionally, it discusses the first state-level urban renewal policies in Czechia, such as the Program PANEL and Green Light for Savings Program, which aimed to improve technical standards and energy efficiency in buildings, along with public area enhancements. The research contributes to the understanding of post-socialist urban transformation and offers insights for the improvement of POS in similar contexts.

The paper discusses the specific problems that occur with deep freeze storages, from the aspect of building physics. A special review is given of the phenomenon of soil stability, i.e. soil bearing capacity, in the context of soil freezing, deformations of the floor structure, and functional disorders in the interior of deep freeze stores.
A case from practice was presented, in which serious problems occurred in the process of exploitation, which led to the fact that the existing floor structure with all layers had to be completely demolished, a new one constructed with newly designed layers, as well as to improve the connection with existing facade construction.
An analysis of the causes and a proposal for a solution for that building are presented. The focus of the work is on the design concept of the relevant wall and floor structures, the calculation of the temperature in the ground under the building, considering conditions of operation that are specific and include a very low interior temperature of -27°C, a low winter design temperature of the external air -15°C, with an emphasis on the necessity of application of an adequate heat system of under-slab structure. The paper provides recommendations that engineers can use in similar cases.

Because of the significance of the river Nišava for the city, the Municipality of Pirot has adopted a water protection concept for the city of Pirot and several smaller settlements located upstream along the Nišava River (Krupac, Veliko Selo, Veliki Jovanovac, Mali Jovanovac, Trnjana, Izvor). The wastewater treatment would be done either at the central wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) Pirot or at several decentralized treatment facilities, despite the settlements being smaller than 2000 population equivalent (PE). Three variants were considered for the analysis of water protection in the Municipality of Pirot: the first variant involves the treatment of wastewater from the city of Pirot and all the considered settlements at the central WWTP Pirot; the second variant involves the treatment of wastewater from the city of Pirot and suburban settlements at the central WWTP Pirot, and upstream settlements at the WWTP Krupac; the third variant involves the treatment of wastewater from the city of Pirot and suburban settlements at the central WWTP of Pirot, and the other settlements at their respective decentralized WWTPs. The aim of this paper is to determine the most economically viable solution by applying a costbenefit analysis, using criteria related to wastewater treatment and water pollution prevention. The paper applied the basic steps of economic cost-benefit analysis, concluding that the third alternative solution with a centralized WWTP Pirot and three decentralized WWTPs is the most cost-effective and ensures the project sustainability, which is crucial for achieving long-term development goals.

The aim of the presented work is to present the design of a residential house on the Montenegrin coast in the town of Krašići, designed according to the principles of bioclimatic architecture with reference to the systems whose implementation is foreseen during the design process. They refer to the applied measures of reducing total energy consumption, achieving thermal comfort during the winter and passive cooling during the summer. The work shows how solutions such as a green roof, glasshouse, green facade and other solutions are implemented during the design process in order to achieve the mentioned goals. Due to the increased construction of buildings in cities, the need for energy also increases, which is mainly satisfied by the use of non-renewable sources, known for leaving lasting consequences on the environment. Green construction and rational use of energy can contribute to saving resources and preserving the environment. The presented solution of the family house is trying to reduce the need for energy necessary for its efficient use throughout the year through a smart analysis of the location's potential. Coastal architecture, to which Montenegrin architecture belongs, is recognizable by its architecture in stone, stable and authentic. The author’s aim is to create a modern house that is in step with the times with its design expressions and applied systems, while at the same time respecting the Mediterranean tradition of building with stone. The family house, in addition to the desire of implementing the principles of bioclimatic architecture, first of all required a well-designed function so that, all together would result in a high-quality space for a family to stay on the attractive Montenegrin coast. Given that almost 90% of the time is spent in buildings, the family house, in addition to the desire to implement the principles of bioclimatic architecture, first of all required a well-solved function so that, all together, it would result in a quality space for the family to stay on the attractive Montenegrin coast.

In civil engineering, high-profile sheets (HPS) are widely used. They are used as loadbearing elements in a system of stacked roofs, for covering large-span structures or as permanent formwork when casting concrete slabs. Determining the load-bearing capacity of these elements is a complex task, and designers take this data from the manufacturer's catalog. Data on the load-bearing capacity are usually given depending on the serviceability limit state (SLS), without special consideration of the support conditions. For these reasons, this paper presents an in detail methodology for determining the load-bearing capacity of a standard type of HPS, using an experimental method. The research was carried out on a sheet panel with a span of 6000 mm of a simple beam static system. The length of the support on the purlin was 200 mm and it was secured with eight bolts. The load to failure test was conducted according to the SRPS U.M1.047 standard using the method of applying an equally distributed gravitational load. The experimentally obtained results were compared with the catalog values provided by the manufacturers. The test showed that the applied support conditions (length of contact with the purlin, number and arrangement of connecting means in the connection) have a positive effect on increasing the load-bearing capacity and cost-effectiveness of the HPS.

Global warming and rising energy demand make brise-soleil systems increasingly important in energy-efficient cooling and reducing carbon emissions in warm climates. This study examines a newly designed residential neighborhood in Baošići, Montenegro, characterized by a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild winters. The effectiveness of brise-soleil systems in improving energy efficiency and thermal comfort is widely documented; however, there is little research on the performance of such systems in specific residential applications across a range of climates. This research fills that gap by evaluating the performance of brise-soleil in reducing cooling energy consumption from late March to mid-November. Simulation results show that cooling energy demand is reduced by 9% to 31% during summer months and annual savings of 12%. In addition to energy savings, brise-soleil systems help achieve bioclimatic design by minimizing solar heat gain and improving indoor comfort. They also enhance the architectural design. Adaptive shading technologies will be applied in future research to different climates to maximize energy savings and achieve sustainability.

The significance of trade as a public function has strengthened alongside the progress of civilization. In contemporary cities, within the context of an expanding market economy, large-format shopping centers have assumed primacy. Their emergence is regarded as a culmination of human consumer behavior and one of the pivotal shifts in the organization of urban space. Shopping centers are evolving to incorporate a broader range of diverse functions, becoming gathering places and venues where spare time is spent. Consequently, they are no longer perceived solely as spaces for sales, but as places of consumption where trade and leisure intertwine.
The primary objective of the research is to examine current tendencies and strategies in the field of architectural design of shopping centers, as well as to explore successful design methodologies. The research commences with an elaboration of the fundamental characteristics of the modern shopping center. In the next part of the research, various types of shopping centers are analyzed using relevant case studies drawn from both international and domestic architectural practices.

The Sarajevo depression and its surrounding area, from a hydrogeological perspective, represent an exceptionally complex system. In an area that was subjected to intense tectonic processes in geological history, due to the activity of specific climatic and hydrological conditions, a series of exogenous processes were activated, which, in morphological terms, reshaped this area and, consequently, influenced its hydrogeological properties. The area can be divided into two main units: the intensely folded and fractured mountainous region of the periphery and the Sarajevo field area, or the Sarajevo depression itself. The aim of this paper is to highlight the specific hydrogeological properties of the terrain, the particularities of individual blocks of the mountainous periphery, and the hydrogeological characteristics of the Sarajevo field area. The periphery of the Sarajevo depression is composed of powerful, predominantly limestone-dolomite deposits, which serve as hydrogeological conductors, and the underlying deposits of Lower Triassic age, known as the Sarajevo sands, which act as hydrogeological insulators. The key factors influencing the hydrogeological properties of the terrain include: hydrological conditions, terrain morphology, lithological composition, and structural characteristics. The aim of this paper is to present the most significant results of the mentioned research and to frame them into a unified whole, in order to provide a clear understanding of the hydrogeological properties of the terrain in the immediate surroundings of Sarajevo.