ADAPTING AND TRANSFORMING ABANDONED INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE BUILDINGS INTO CONTEMPORARY OFFICE SPACES ON THE EXAMPLE OF PGNIG IN WARSAW, POLAND
Adapting and reusing industrial architectural heritage represents great potential for architects, conservators, and civil engineers. The subject of this research is to examine the possibilities of adapting abandoned industrial heritage, as well as to examine theconversion of former industrial structures into functions suitable to contemporary society. By interpreting theoretical foundations, this paper will talk about the importance of adaptive reuse of industrial heritage in the city of Warsaw, Poland. Analytical and descriptive methods will be used to process the chosen examples from Poland. This paper also analyses the principles of designing contemporary office spaces. As a synthesis of previous analyses, this article will elaborate on the author’s conceptual design of converting a historic industrial building into a contemporary office space, as well as the visual and functional connection of the building with other structures that are a part of the industrial site PGNiG (Polskie Górnictwo Naftowe i Gazownictwo) in Warsaw. It is a historic site that produces natural gas and crude oil. The purpose of this research is to find ways to adapt industrial heritage that can meet the needs of contemporary society, but will not damage the integrity and visual identity of historic buildings, by evaluating of design proposal will on two aspects 1) the aspect od the industrial building’s purpose and2) the aspect of physical interventions. The basic results of this research suggest that it is possible to find favourable design solutions that are in line with the needs and habits of contemporary society and solutions that respect the visual integrity and architectural characteristics of industrial heritage buildings.
Tadija Vasiljević, Janusz Marchwiński, Uroš Antić
COMPARATION OF LABORATORY AND IN-SITU TEST RESULTS OF MECHANICAL AND DURABILITY CONCRETE PROPERTIES FOR STADIUM STRUCTURE
One of the key issues for concrete structures exposed to weathering, besides all other loads, is durability of concrete. The most exposed concrete structures are stadiums. Destruction mechanisms for concrete structures defined by EN 1504 are: mechanicalactions, chemical action, physical action, corrosion of reinforcement and fire. In this paper, the tests conducted on the case study stadium "Rodjeni" in the city of Mostar, are presented. The stadium consists of three grandstands, built in different periods, but with concrete of the same quality and class. North grandstand is 17 years old, west grandstand is 14 years old, and east grandstand was built in 2022. A series of in-situ tests to evaluate mechanical and durability properties were implemented, primarily on north and west grandstand. In addition to in-situ tests, laboratory tests were conducted on the same concrete, to evaluate mechanical and durability properties in laboratory conditions. These results are compared and presented in this paper.
Marko Ćećez, Merima Šahinagić-Isović, Mili Selimotić
REFURBISHING INNOVATIVE STRUCTURES: THE CASE OF ROMANIAN SPORTS HALLS
This paper brings an in-depth look on 20th-century built heritage by researching refurbishment opportunities for Romanian sports halls built during the communist regime. In those times, sports played a significant role for the controlling party's general propaganda machine. Being a leisure activity it infiltrated every aspect of society, from the worker’s everyday schedule to the newly constructed collective buildings.Sports halls were part of a larger and thoroughly controlled by the state urban equipment network spanning the entire country. After the fall of the communist regime, these buildings were left untouched and unused, as the sports phenomenon diminished in importance without the state’s constant implication. Even so, these buildings continue to impress evincing some innovative features for that period, from braided steel cables to post- or pre-stressed concrete beams and prefabricated systems for the whole construction. The synergy between the structure and the architecture casts the unique monumental image of these buildings onto their surroundings.The research investigates the opportunity for refurbishment and reuse of these buildings as opposed to the demolition alternative. We will look in their future by comparing several case studies. Besides its historical approach, the study aims at bringing forward the communist recent built heritage issue.
Ruxandra Balcanu
LANDSLIDE STABILISATION AND REHABILITATION MEASURES ON THE REGIONALEN ROAD R-1202 MAVROVO - DEBAR, NORTH MACEDONIA
Tectonic displacements, terrains with cracked and decomposed rocks, climate change and intense rains are the main factors that cause the emergence of new geological processes. These phenomena can cause damage to road infrastructure facilities. Such aphenomenon is registered on the regional road R-1202 Mavrovo-Debar, in the western part of North Macedonia, where on one of the lanes on the side of the slope there is a subsidence of the road construction. In this paper measures for stabilisation and rehabilitation of the landslide on the regional road are presented. This particular terrain is characterised by steep slopes, and in addition to the terrain instability reasons stated above, there is an inadequate maintenance of the drains and canals that are a part of the road structure. Therefore, the problem has been studied and recommendations are given for stabilisation and rehabilitation measures. The proposal is to build a structure to relocate and strengthen the unstable zone consisting of a slab founded on piles that will transfer the load to the lower layers. For this purpose, two software programs are used: “Slide”, which analyses the stability by boundary equilibrium methods, and “Plaxis 2D”, which is used to calculate deformations and straining. According to the results obtained from “Slide”, the safety factor value Fs = 0.988 proves that the slope is not stable and there is a need for slope reinforcement, as well as rehabilitation of the road with reinforced concrete slabs and piles. While the design of the technical solution is simulated in several phases, according to the obtained results it is concluded that valid results are obtained from the last phase of exploitation and the maximum deformations Utot = 14.23 mm are shown and they occur in the pile capping beam. The horizontal and vertical displacements are 4.50 mm or 14.13 mm accordingly. Hence, the conclusion is that the steps taken for stabilisation and reconstruction of the landslide on the road Mavrovo - Debar meet the project-exploitation requirements.
Sead Abazi, Bulent Suloodja
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA
Architecture plays a vital role in the development and transformation of societies, serving as a crucial component that requires highly skilled professionals. Architectural education holds immense significance as it plays a pivotal role in equipping students with the essential knowledge, skills, and competencies needed to meet the demands of the architectural profession. The particularity of teaching architecture lies in applying a unique learning model called design studio, which is entirely different from traditional forms of university education in its methodology. The research presented in this paper is a preliminary and exploratory study of teaching architectural design skills at academic institutions in the Republic of Serbia. To make an overview of the current situation in the field, the research uses the methods of document analysis and desk-based curriculum review with the aim of comparative assessment of the established structure of study programs. The research results presented in this paper represent the first step towards a comprehensive investigation of learning and teaching architecture in Serbia. Researchers still do not consider this topic adequately and systematically, although our country has a tradition of educating architects for almost two centuries.
Olivera Dulić
THE ROLE OF FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite material is a relatively new material that can be used in different types of engineering. Due to its attractive mechanical properties, it has been widely used for decades. The properties mentioned enable worth-mentioning achievements in aerospace, the aircraft and automotive industries, civil engineering, sports equipment, and marine infrastructure.FRP composites have evolved from being special materials to common engineering materials used in a wide range of applications in civil engineering. This paper covers the advantages and limitations of their use and various possible applications of FRPs in the field of civil engineering, emphasizing different opportunities for strengthening, repairing, or retrofitting reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The main aim is to highlight the importance and possibilities of using FRP composites.The outcomes of this paper summarize the potential of this composites for continual integration into constructions, especially RC structures, as well as the obstacles that prevent designers from using this material to its full potential. This paper can be used as an overview of the main FRP properties, a source of different references in which a reader can find more detail about the mentioned polymers, and a basis for gaining basic knowledge about this kind of modern composite material.
Ivana Drobnjak
IMPROVEMENT OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE IN RURAL AREAS IN SERBIA – POSSIBILITIES AND CHALLENGES
Rural areas occupy more than a half territory of the Republic of Serbia, and they are home for more than 50% of total population. These areas are very diverse due to different topographic structure, settlements within them emerged mainly spontaneous - adjusting to the existing terrain. Settlements in rural areas have very vibrant history and the influence of different cultures left marks on their current structure. In Serbia, rural areas are characterized with low population density, inadequate access to main public services, lack of communal infrastructure, low income and mainly agriculture-oriented economy. One of the biggest problems that rural areas are facing is certainly unfavorable sociodemographic structure due to constant depopulation process and low quality of life.Starting from the assumption that rural population represents one of the biggest rural resources, this paper discusses possibilities and challenges for improvement of sociodemographic structure in rural areas in Serbia. Within this paper, first the current state of rural areas is analyzed and key development problems and possibilities are determined. Then, the examples of positive practice of implemented projects in rural areas in Europe are presented in order to illustrate possibilities for improvement of socio-demographic structure. Based on these findings, the aim of this paper is to propose possibilities for improvement of socio-demographic structure in rural areas. It is concluded that sociodemographic structure has influence on all other structures of rural areas and that its improvement is important for overall rural development.
Milica Igić, Milena Dinić Branković, Jelena Đekić, Ivana Bogdanović Protić, Mihailo Mitković
POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY IMPROVEMENT OF THE EXISTING MULTI-FAMILY BUILDINGS FROM THE PERIOD OF POST-WAR MASS CONSTRUCTION USING VOLUMETRIC ADDITIONS
The refurbishment of existing buildings with the aim of spatial-material improvement combined with the reduction of energy consumption is a very contemporary topic in recent years. The interest, both of experts and the general population, in saving energy while minimizing operating costs is constantly increasing, and it is emphasized by the uncertainties of energy supply coupled with constant increase in prices. Residential buildings built in the period from 1946 to 1970 make up one quarter of the total multifamily stock in Serbia. Most of these buildings are characterized by high energy consumption for heating due to poor thermal performance of the building envelope. Created according to the design regulations valid at that time, valued by today's user requirements, they have major spatial and organizational deficiencies, notably small apartments, outdated and inflexible spatial organization and small windows on the facades. The absence of elevators in many multi-family buildings from that period also reduces their comfort of use. The subject of the research is based on application of deep refurbishment methodology by adding volumes, as a constructive-functional element, to existing multi-family buildings. Primary goal represents achieving high energy efficiency levels combined with bettering of spatial and living standards through remodeling and modernization of residential units, and improving vertical building communications. The paper will illustrate the application of the principle of volumetric addition on three typologically different multi-family residential buildings. Based on the National Typology of Residential Buildings of Serbia, the subject of research are most common building typologies: free-standing buildings, row buildings within a city block and “lamellas”. The research will analyze energy performance of the existing state on representative buildings of each type, as well as performance of improved state through application of strategy of deep refurbishment by adding a volume. The goal of the research is to review the advantages and limitations of proposed method for energy and spatial improvements in different types of multi-family residential buildings.
Bojana Lević, Dušan Ignjatović
INTELLIGENT TOOLS FOR LARGE-SCALE 3D PRINTING: A SCOPING REVIEW
In recent decades, building methods such as 3D printing have been increasingly researched for the design and fabrication of various architectural elements. Artificial Intelligence is another rapidly developing technology whose potential in the buildingindustry is continuously being explored. This paper’s objective lies in mapping out the field of existing Artificial Intelligence tools for large-scale 3D printing, searching for possible applications throughout the different development stages including the prefabrication phase with structural design, optimization, behavior simulations, and predictions, as well as the production phase through the real-time monitoring of the process. In this study, different types of Artificial Intelligence (such as machine learning, deep learning, and computer vision), have been identified regarding their role in 3D printing to assess its potentials, limitations, and the present research gaps. Finally, potential research directions and emerging topics are presented. The study's findings increase the understanding of Artificial Intelligence techniques and applications in the 3D printing process and can aid in choosing and implementing the most promising ones in further research.
Milijana Živković, Maša Žujović, Jelena Milošević
